Anal Fissure - Are you having discomfort while having bowel movements?

What is an anal fissure?

• An anal fissure is a small tear or cut in the lining of the anus (the opening at the end of the rectum).
• It can cause pain and bleeding, especially during bowel movements.

What causes an anal fissure?

• The most common cause is passing hard or large stools.
• Other causes include:
  • Chronic diarrhea or constipation
  • Childbirth
  • Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis)
  • Anal sex
  • Reduced blood flow to the anorectal area

What are the symptoms of an anal fissure?

• Pain during and after bowel movements
• Bright red blood on stool or toilet paper
• A visible tear in the skin around the anus
• Itching or burning around the anus
• A small lump or skin tag near the fissure

How is an anal fissure diagnosed?

• Your doctor will perform a physical examination, which may include a gentle inspection of the anal area.
• In some cases, they may use a tool called an anoscope to get a better view of the fissure.

How is an anal fissure treated?

• Most anal fissures heal on their own with home care.
• Treatment options include:
  • Dietary changes: Increasing fiber and fluid intake to soften stools and make them easier to pass
  • Sitz baths: Soaking the anal area in warm water several times a day to relax the sphincter muscle and promote healing
  • Topical medications: Creams or ointments to reduce pain and inflammation
  • Laxatives or stool softeners: To prevent constipation
  • Botulinum toxin injections: To relax the anal sphincter muscle and reduce pain (in severe cases)
  • Surgery: To widen the anal opening or cut the sphincter muscle (rarely needed)

How can I prevent an anal fissure?

• Prevent constipation by eating a high-fiber diet, drinking plenty of fluids, and exercising regularly.
• Avoid straining during bowel movements.
• Practice good hygiene by keeping the anal area clean and dry.

When should I see a doctor?

• If you experience pain or bleeding during bowel movements
• If you notice a tear or lump near your anus
• If your symptoms don't improve with home care

Remember:

• Most anal fissures heal with simple measures.
• Don't hesitate to seek medical advice if you have concerns.